Collection: | UPenn Ms. Indic |
Item: | 5 |
Repository: | Rare Book & Manuscript Library |
Institution: | University of Pennsylvania |
Location: | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America |
Locus: | (modern foliation scheme) ff. 1r–129v |
Author: | Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana Vyāsa |
Title: | Bhagavadgītā |
Note: |
The Bhagavadgītā is included in the text of the critical edition of the Mahābhārata at MBh. 6.23.1–6.40.78. Yet the text as an independent treatise typically includes a preface, consisting of a Nyāsa and Dhyāna as found in popular editions such as the Gītā Press edition, which is not included in the critical text and most of which is also absent from the critical apparatus. Most of the preface to the Bhagavadgītā must have occupied the missing leaves numbered 1–4 in the original foliation of work I. |
Language: | Sanskrit in Devanāgarī script |
Locus: | (modern foliation scheme) ff. 1r–2v |
Author: | Unknown |
Title: | Bhagavadgītāmālāmantra |
Incipit: |
(modern foliation scheme) f. 1v
<sarvopaniṣa>do gāvo dogdhā gopālanaṁdanaḥ . pārtho vatsaḥ sudhīr bhoktā dugdhaṁ gītāmṛtaṁ mahat ..4.. ( BhG. Preface 3.6 ) (Anuṣṭubh) |
Explicit: |
(modern foliation scheme) f. 2r
yaṁ brahmā varuṇeṁdrarudramarutaḥ stunvaṁti divyaiḥ stavair vedaiḥ sāṁgapadakramopaniṣadair gāyaṁti yaṁ sāmagāḥ . dhyānāvasthi(ta)tadgatena manasā paśyaṁti yaṁ yogino yasyāṁtaṁ na viduḥ surāsuragaṇā devāya tasmai namaḥ ..9.. ( BhG. Preface 4.2 ) (Śārdūlavikrīḍita) |
Locus: | (modern foliation scheme) ff. 2v–129v |
Author: | Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana Vyāsa |
Title: | Bhagavadgītā |
Incipit: |
(modern foliation scheme) f. 2v
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca oṁ dharmakṣetre kurukṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāś caiva kim akurvata saṁjaya ..1.. (Anuṣṭubh) ( BhG. 1.1= MBh. 6.23.1 ) |
Explicit: |
(modern foliation scheme) f. 129r
yatra yogeśva!rāt! kṛṣṇo yatra pārtho dhanurdharaḥ . tatra śrīr vijayo bhūtir dhruvā nītir matir mama ..78.. ( BhG. 18.78= MBh. 6.40.78 ) (Anuṣṭubh) |
Final rubric: |
f. 129r–f. 129v
iti śrī mahā<bhā>rate śatasahasrasaṁhitāyāṁ vaiyyāsikyāṁ bhīṣmaparvaṇi śrībhagavadgītāsūpaniṣatsu brahmavidyāyāṁ yogaśāstre śrīkṛṣṇārjunasaṁvāde mokasaṁnyāsayogo namāṣṭādaśo dhyāyaḥ ..18.. saṁpūrṇam .. |
Locus: | (modern foliation scheme) ff. 130r–163v |
Author: | Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana Vyāsa |
Title: | Viṣṇusahasranāmastotra |
Incipit: |
f. 131v–f. 133r
yasya smaraṇamātreṇa janmasaṁsāravaṁdhanāt .. vimucyate namas tasmai viṣṇave prabhaviṣṇave ..1.. (Anuṣṭubh) namaḥ samastabhūtānāṁ ādibhūtāya bhūbhṛte . anekarūparūpāya viṣṇave prabhaviṣṇave ..2.. (Anuṣṭubh) vai śaṁpāyana uvāca .. śrutvā dharmā!ṇy! aśeṣeṇa pāvanāni ca sarvaśaḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ śāṁtanavaṁ punar evābhyabhāṣata ..3.. (Anuṣṭubh) ( MBh. 13.135.1 ) |
Explicit: |
f. 160r–f. 163v
viśveśvaram ajaṁ devaṁ jagataḥ prabhavāpyayam .. bhajaṁti ye puṣkarākṣaṁ na te yāṁti parābhavam ..47 (Anuṣṭubh) arjuna uvāca .. <...> <...> (Anuṣṭubh) śrībhagavān uvāca .. <...> <...> sarvavedeṣu yat puṇyaṁ sarva tīrtheṣu yat phalaṁ .. tat phalaṁ samavāpnoti śrutvā devaṁ janārdanaṁ ..56.. ( MBh. 13.135.142*639, lines 5–6 ) (Anuṣṭubh) <...> <...> naro muktim avāpnoti cakrapāṇer vaco yathā !vra!<bra>hmahatyādikaṁ pāpaṁ sarvapāpaṁ pramucyate ..63 (Anuṣṭubh) vilayaṁ yāṁti pāpāni cāty apāpasya kā kathā sarva pāpavinirmukto viṣṇulokaṁ sa gacchati 64.. (Anuṣṭubh) |
Final rubric: |
(modern foliation scheme) f. 163v
iti śrīmahābhārate śatasahasrasaṁhitāyāṁ śrīviṣṇudivyasahasranāmasaṁpūrṇaṁ samāptam .. |
Note: | The Viṣṇusahasranāman is included in the Anuśāsanaparvan in the critical edition of the Mahābhārata at MBh. 13.135.1–142, yet the text as an independent treatise typically appends a phalaśruti not included in the critical text and most of which is also absent from the critical apparatus. The last verse of the text of the critical edition corresponds to verse 147 found on f. 160r–f. 160v |
Language: | Sanskrit in Devanāgarī script |
Locus: | (modern foliation scheme) ff. 164r–189v |
Author: | Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana Vyāsa |
Title: | Bhīṣmastavarāja |
Incipit: |
f. 165v–f. 167r
janmejaya uvāca .. oṁ śaratalpe śayānas tu bhāratānāṁ pitāmahaḥ katham utsṛṣṭavān dehaṁ kaṁ cit yogam adhārayan ..1.. (Anuṣṭubh) ( MBh. 12.47.1 ) |
Explicit: |
(modern foliation scheme) f. 189r
stavarājo samāpto yaṁ viṣṇor adbhutakarmaṇaḥ .. gāṁgeyena purā gīto mahāpātakanāśanaḥ ..28.. (Anuṣṭubh) |
Final rubric: |
f. 189r–f. 189v
iti śrīmahābhārate śatasahasrasaṁhitāyāṁ śāntiparvaṇi rājadharmottareṣu bhīṣmastavarājaḥ samāptaḥ |
Note: | The Bhīṣmastavarāja is included in the text of the critical edition of the Mahābhārata at MBh. 12.47.1–72, yet the text as an independent treatise typically appends a phalaśruti not included in the critical text and most of which is also absent from the critical apparatus. |
Language: | Sanskrit in Devanāgarī script |
Locus: | (modern foliation scheme) ff. 190r–205v |
Author: | Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana Vyāsa |
Title: | Anusmṛti |
Incipit: |
f. 191v–f. 194r
śatānīka uvāca .. oṁ mahātejo mahāprāja sarvaśāstraviśārada .. akṣīṇakarmavadhas tu puruṣo dvijasattama ..1.. (Anuṣṭubh) maraṇe yaj japej jāpyaṁ paṁcabhāvam anusmaret .. paramaṁ padam āpnoti tan me brūhi suniścitaṁ ..2.. (Anuṣṭubh) śaunaka uvāca .. śrīvatsāṁkaṁ jagadbījam anaṁtaṁ lokasākṣiṇaṁ .. purā nārāyaṇaṁ devaṁ nāradaḥ paryapṛcchata ..3.. (Anuṣṭubh) nārada uvāca .. bhagavan bhūtabhavyeśa śradadhānair jiteṁdriyaiḥ kathaṁ bhaktair viciṁtyo si maraṇe paryupasthite 4 (Anuṣṭubh) kiṁ vā nityaṁ japej jāpyaṁ talpād utthāya mānavaḥ svapno vibuddho dhyāyeś ca tan me brūhi sanātanaṁ 5 (Anuṣṭubh) śrutvā tasya tu devarṣe vākyaṁ vākyaviśāradaḥ .. provāca bhagavān viṣṇur nāradaṁ jagatāṁ patiḥ ..6.. (Anuṣṭubh) śrībhagavān uvāca .. haṁta te kathayiṣyāmi mune divyām anusmṛtiṁ .. maraṇe yām anusmṛtya prāpnoti paramāṁgatiṁ ..7.. (Anuṣṭubh) |
Explicit: |
f. 205r–f. 205v
!nārada!<śaunaka> uvāca .. pavaṁ sa devadevena nāradaḥ pratibodhitaḥ cakāra keśavo bhaktiṁ tasmāt tvaṁ kuru bhūpate (Anuṣṭubh) saṁsārapavasīmaṁto ya svātāṁ kila kathyate nanu dhyāyati yo dehī kathayāmi ca tat sukhaṁ .. (Anuṣṭubh) keśavasya kathaṁ puṇyaṁ dhyāyate vai stavo tathā .. sarvabaṁdhavinirmuktaḥ paraṁ padam avāpnuyāt .. sa nāma dhyāyate nityaṁ sarve yāṁti parāṁ gatiṁ ..74 (Anuṣṭubh) |
Final rubric: |
(modern foliation scheme) f. 205v
iti śrīmahābhārate śatasahasrasaṁhitāyaṁ vaiyāsikyāṁ viṣṇudharmottareṣu anusmṛtiṁ .. samāptaḥ .. |
Note: | The final rubric places the Anusmṛti in the Mahābhārata and also in the Viṣṇudharmottara. Yet the work is not included in the text of the Pune critical edition of the Mahābhārata, nor in the Viṣṇudharmottara Purāṇa. A similar passage, though with significant differences, occurs in Vol. 12's Appendix I no. 17B and likewise calls itself the Anusmṛti. UPenn Ms. Coll. 390, Item 489, etc. also contains the Anusmṛti, but the text remains unidentified. |
Language: | Sanskrit in Devanāgarī script |
Locus: | (modern foliation scheme) ff. 206r–228v |
Author: | Unknown |
Title: | Gajendramokṣaṇa |
Incipit: |
f. 207v–f. 209v
śatānīka uvāca .. oṁ mayā hi devadevasya viṣṇor amitatejasaḥ .. śrutvā sabhūtayaḥ sarvā gadatas tava suvrataḥ .. (Anuṣṭubh) yadi prasanno bhagavān anugrāho smi vā yadi .. tad ahaṁ śrotum icchāmi nṛṇāṁ duḥsvapnanāśanaṁ ..2.. (Anuṣṭubh) svapnā hi !sva!<su> mahābhāga dṛśaṁti ye śubhāśubhāḥ phalāni te prayacchaṁti tadguṇāny eva bhārgava 3 (Anuṣṭubh) tādṛk puṇyaṁ pavitraṁ ca nṛṇām atiśubhāpradaṁ duḥsvapnāś ca śamaṁ yāṁti tan me vistarato vada 4.. (Anuṣṭubh) |
Explicit: |
f. 227v–f. 228v
bhīṣma uvāca .. hāhā hūhūr iti khyātau gītavādyaviśāradau .. i iti tau śāpitau tena devalena mahātmanā ..1 (Anuṣṭubh) urvaśī menakāraṁbhā tathā cānye psarogaṇāḥ śakrasya purato rājaṁ nṛtyaṁte sma sumadhyamāḥ ..2 (Anuṣṭubh) tatas tau gāyamānau tu gaṁdharvau rājasadmani .. anyonyaṁ cakratuḥ spardhāṁ śakrasya puratas tadā .. (Anuṣṭubh) āvayo<r u>bhayor madhye kaḥ śreṣṭo gītavādyayoḥ . ta!t!<d> vadasva suraśre!ṣṭo!<ṣṭho> jñātvā gītasya lakṣaṇaṁ ..4 (Anuṣṭubh) gaṁdharvayor vacaḥ śrutvā pratyuvāca śatakratuḥ yuvayor gītavādyeṣu viśeṣ!ū!<o> nopalakṣyate ..5.. (Anuṣṭubh) eka eva muniśre!ṣṭo!<ṣṭho> devalo nāma nāmataḥ .. yuvayoḥ saṁśayacdhetā bhaviṣyati na saṁśayaḥ ..6 (Anuṣṭubh) tatas !ta!<tu> tau śakravaco niśamya praṇamya rājaṁ śirasā sureśvaraṁ .. gatau suhṛṣṭau jayakāṁkṣi ṇau tau yatrāśrame ti!ṣṭa!<ṣṭha>ti sadvijā!gryāḥ!<gryaḥ>..7 (Triṣṭubh) < Missing four leaves containing the end of the story of the competition between the gandharvas Hāhā and Hūhū and the latter's being cursed by the sage Devala to be incarnated as a crocodile. > |
Note: |
The fifth work contains the narration by the sage Śaunaka to the king Śatānīka, which frames the narration of Vaiśaṁpāyaṇa to Janamejaya, which in turn frames the narration of Bhīṣma to Yudhiṣṭhira. The second verse on (modern foliation scheme) f. 209r identifies the subject of the fifth work as the Duḥsvapnanāśana, "destruction of bad dreams," verse 4 on (modern foliation scheme) f. 209v, verse 18 on (modern foliation scheme) f. 212r, and 22ab on (modern foliation scheme) f. 212v discuss the pacification of bad dreams, and verse 3 on (modern foliation scheme) f. 209r–(modern foliation scheme) f. 209v points to the problem that bad dreams produce negative consequences. The work contains the narrative of Viṣṇu releasing an elephant from the jaws of a crocodile as an example of how to obtain release from bad dreams. Verse 22 on (modern foliation scheme) f. 212v–(modern foliation scheme) f. 213r introduces the narrative as the ancient itihāsa Gajendramokṣaṇa. The story reaches a climax in verse 100 on (modern foliation scheme) f. 227r with the release of the elephant, but continues in an epilogue narrating the story of how the gandharva Hūhū became incarnated as the crocodile. In some versions, such as UPenn Ms. Coll. 390, Item 2491 the gandharva Hāhā is incarnated as the elephant. The end of the story of the competition between the gandharvas Hāhā and Hūhū and the latter's being cursed by the sage Devala to be incarnated as a crocodile, is missing in what must be the content of the four missing final pages following verse 107 on (modern foliation scheme) f. 228v. UPenn Ms. Coll. 390, Item 488 and Item 2491 also contain the same version of the Gajendramokṣaṇa. Although the final rubric of the fourth work in this ms. situates the Anusmṛti in the Viṣṇudharmottara Purāṇa and the fifth work is narrated by the sage Śaunaka to the king Śatānīka as is the Viṣṇudharma Purāṇa, the text in these mss. remains unidentified. As Rocher (1986: 143) notes, the Gajendramokṣaṇa is told in the Bhāgavata Purāṇa, skandha 8, adhyāyas 2–4 (see BhP. 8.1.30–8.5.1) Although BhP. 8.1.30 mentions the same title Gajendramokṣaṇa, it is a different version. In that context Bādarāyani narrates the story to Parikṣit. The narrative mentions duḥsvapnanāśa in BhP. 8.4.14d, and duḥsvapnādyupaśānti in BhP. 8.4.15d. |
Language: | Sanskrit in Devanāgarī script |
Form: | Folia |
Material: | Paper |
Extent: | 236 folia |
Dimension: | 11 x 18 cm (h x w) |
Foliation: | The codex is numbered continuously in modern hindu-arabic numerals in pencil 1–228 on the lower right margin on the recto of each folio. |
Formula: | (modern) [i]–[iv], 1-228, [v]–[viii] |
Foliation: | In the original foliation, five works are numbered individually in the upper left margin on the verso of each folio except those on which illustrations appear. Pages 1–4 are missing from the beginning of work I, as are an equal number of pages, pp. 22–25, from the end of work 5. |
Formula: | (original) I: [i]–[iv], 5–79[a], [79b], 80–132; II: [1a], 1[b], [i], 2–32; III: [1a], 1[b], [i], 2–24; IV: [1a], 1[b], [i], 2–14; V: [1a], 1[b], [i], 2–21, [ii]–[v] |
Signatures: | Above the folio number in the upper left margin on the verso each page appears gī0 in work 1, sa0 in work 2, bhī0 in work 3, a0 in work 4, and ga0in work 5. |
Collation: | Bound by folding long rectangular leaves. What the modern foliation scheme numbers 1 must be the same leaf as what it numbers 228. The binding must have been done after four leaves, containing the initial four pages and final four pages of the ms., were lost. |
Condition: | Excellent |
Binding: | Bound on the left in book format with a cardboard cover sealed in woven red cloth. |
Seal: | None. |
Layout: | Generally 6 lines per page, 3 and 5 lines per page in elaborately framed text on the first and second pages of text in each of works II–V on (modern foliation scheme) f. 131v and (modern foliation scheme) f. 133r, (modern foliation scheme) f. 165v and (modern foliation scheme) f. 167r, (modern foliation scheme) f. 191v and (modern foliation scheme) f. 193r, and (modern foliation scheme) f. 207v and (modern foliation scheme) f. 209r. |
Hand 1: | Written clearly with a reed with a broad nib that distinguishes thick and thin strokes and produces sharp angles. Same hand as UPenn Ms. Coll. 390 Item 773, Item 2563, and Item 2639. |
Additions: |
The last three quarters of VSN., verse 6 (MBh. 13.135.6) left out during initial copying are added in the bottom margin in the same hand on (modern foliation scheme) f. 133v. The syllable kru similarly omitted is added in the same hand on (modern foliation scheme) f. 183r. Verse numbers omitted during the initial copying are occasionaly added in margins in the same had, for example, on (modern foliation scheme) f. 148r and (modern foliation scheme) f. 152r. On (modern foliation scheme) f. 136v a different hand inserts śrī before the name of Vyāsa in the Nyāsa preceding the Viṣṇusahasranāman and replaces śru by stu on (modern foliation scheme) f. 162r. Similar minor marginal corrections appear on (modern foliation scheme) f. 150r, (modern foliation scheme) f. 151r, and (modern foliation scheme) f. 160r. |
Color: | Single daṇḍas, double daṇḍas, speakers, and final rubrics appear in red. Infrequent minor mistakes are covered over with yellow throughout the ms., for example, on (modern foliation scheme) f. 24r, (modern foliation scheme) f. 26r, and (modern foliation scheme) f. 163r. Additional colors are used in borders and illustrations. |
Border: | An orange rectangular band trimmed with black lines within a thin black rectangular line surrounded by another orange rectangle frames the text on most pages. Each of works II–V begins on (modern foliation scheme) f. 131v, (modern foliation scheme) f. 165v, (modern foliation scheme) f. 191v, and (modern foliation scheme) f. 207v with text in black, gold, and black lines in a frame with flowers painted in it in purple, orange, and green surrounded by an elaborate gold, blue, and orange frame itself framed in thin black and orange lines. The text of these works continues on their second pages on (modern foliation scheme) f. 133r, (modern foliation scheme) f. 167r, (modern foliation scheme) f. 193r, and (modern foliation scheme) f. 209r in five alternating black and gold lines in a frame with flowers painted in it in purple, orange, and green. |
Illustration: |
The ms. contains five full-color illustrations. On (modern foliation scheme) f. 76v appears an illustration of Arjuna witnessing Viṣṇu's four-armed form seated on a lotus holding a lotus, beads, and conch, with the heads of Gaṇeśa, Brahmā, himself, Śiva, and others surrounding his head. On (modern foliation scheme) f. 130v appears an illustration of Viṣṇu reclining on Śeṣa with Lakṣmī sitting before him, Brahmā sitting in a lotus emerging from his navel, and Śiva to Brahmā's right in the background. On (modern foliation scheme) f. 164v appears an illustration of Kṛṣṇa in Viṣṇu's four-armed form holding beads, a lotus, and conch attending Bhīṣma lying on his bed of arrows with Arjuna firing arrows into his mattress. On (modern foliation scheme) f. 190v appears an illustrated elderly man on a couch with a pillow holding beads (perhaps Śaunaka) addressing a younger man sitting on the floor with a pillow (perhaps Śatānīka) in a palace. On (modern foliation scheme) f. 206v appears an illustration of Viṣṇu accompanied by Garuḍa liberating the elephant from the crocodile in the lake. |
Origin: | The name Brian Zahn preceded by an asterisk is written vertically downwards in the right margin on (modern foliation scheme) f. [iv]v. The manuscript likely originates in Kashmir. The colophon of UPenn Ms. Coll. 390 Item 2563, written in the same hand, dates that manuscript to the year saṁvat 1913, equivalent to 1856-57 c.e. |
Acquisition: |
The present codex was acquired by The University of Pennsylvania Library and catalogued on 21 September 1993. |
SubjectLC: | Hinduism – Legends. |
SubjectLC: | Codices. |
SubjectLC: | Illuminated manuscripts. |
SubjectLC: | Manuscripts, Sanskrit – 19th century. |
SubjectLC: | Manuscripts – India – 19th century. |
SubjectSL: | Itihāsa. Narrative, Epic, History |