Lookup Tables:

Demo
The lookup table demo consists of a gray level image display, vertical colorbar display, and buttons which will load a predefined lookup table and perform a lookup operation on the image. "Brighter" and "Darker" buttons are used to control image brightness. Pressing the Reset button will restore the image to its original state. This example shows a variety of effects achieved via lookup table operations.

JAI
The Lookup operation takes a rendered or renderable image and a lookup table, and performs general table lookup by passing the source image through the table.

The source may be a single- or multi-banded image of data types byte, ushort, short, or int. The lookup table may be single- or multi-banded and of any JAI supported data types. The destination image must have the same data type as the lookup table and its number of bands is determined based on the number of bands of the source and the table. If the source is single-banded, the destination has the same number of bands as the lookup table; otherwise, the destination has the same number of bands as the source.

If either the source or the table is single-banded and the other is multi-banded, then the single band is applied to every band of the multi-banded object. If both are multi-banded, then their corresponding bands are matched.

The table may have a set of offset values, one for each band. This value is subtracted from the source pixel values before indexing into the table data array.

It is the user's responsibility to make certain the lookup table supplied is suitable for the source image. Specifically, the table data covers the entire range of the source data. Otherwise, the result of this operation is undefined.

By the nature of this operation, the destination may have a different number of bands and/or data type from the source. The SampleModel of the destination is created in accordance with the actual lookup table used in a specific case.

The destination pixel values are defined by the pseudocode:

Theory
The lookup table modification provides a non-linear amplitude transformation. Non-linear amplitude transformation is useful for a variety of effects. Brightness, contrast, gamma correction, pseudo color and color reduction are a few examples of lookup table applications. Pixel values of the image become addresses into the lookup table. The pixel value is replaced by the contents at the associated address.